Arrangement for transmitting and receiving short waves



May 17, 1932. I A. MEISSNER 1,858,679

ARRANGEMENT FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING SHORT WAVES Filed April 6. 1927 INVENTOR ALEXANDER MEISSNER RNEY Patented May 17, 1932 UNITED STATES GERMANY PATENT "O FI E-1.1"

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ARRANGEMENT FOR TRANSMITTING RECEIVING SHORT WAVES Application filed April 6, 1927, Serial No. 181,462, and inGermany April 8,1926.

This invention relates to an arrangement in wireless communication for transmitting and receiving short waves. More particularly the invention relates to an arrangement whereby directional radiation is obtained from a plurality of antennae inclined to the horizontal and provided with reflecting shields.

Experiments have shown that the working with horizontal polarization, i. e., the use of electrical fields parallel to the surface of the earth is more suitable for antenna systems for space radiation than the normal vertical antenna, indeed, the most favorable plan is to upwardly radiate the radiation approximately at an angle of from to 80 degrees. A very suitable form of antenna for such directional radiation is to use a plurality of horizontal antenna which are jointly excited, but are separated by more than wavelength. With such a system there is obtained a perfectly directional radiation, so that by means of such a radiation the lowest losses incidental to the propagation of the radiations through the atmosphere are insured.

It is a good plan to mount the aerial not perfectly horizontahbut rather with a small angle with relation to the horizon in order to impart a definite angle to the radiations. Such a horizontal antenna, of course, radiates in upward direction and in downward direction in the same manner. In order that the loss radiation entering the ground may be diminished, the antenna is either suspended at wave-length from the ground, with the latter acting as a reflector, or else the reflector action of the ground is improved by metal surfaces or a wire system provided between antenna and the ground. It is a suitable plan to tune these wires to the transmission wave in order to perfect the reflector action. The entire system proves very suitable both for sending as well as for reception work.

For energy supply either from the transmitter or to the receiver apparatus, coils are inserted in the horizontal plane to which the energy line is coupled. The energy lines for the various antenna must all be of the same length for the reason that all antennae must here oscillate at the same phase. It issuitable to effect this in-such a manner'that from the transmitter only one energy line ;is brought which, at two'points, is branched into equally long lines as shown in Fig. 1. V For a more complete understandingof the invention, reference is madev to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an equal length lead-system for, supplying energy to a plurality of antennae; Fig. '2 shows theinclination of the antenna tothe ground and Fig. Bshows howa reflecting screen is used with each antenna. a r I As shown in Fig; 1, the energyleads from the transmitter 1 to each of the antennae 2, are all of the same length and as a result all the antennae. oscillate at the same phase. Q The antennae are arranged in a direction transverse'to the direction of desired propagation and in .aplane which forms an angle of inclination of less'than 4.0 degrees with the surface of the earth. Fig. 2 clearly shows Y the inclination. By means of this angle of inclination the energy. waves are radiated up- "wardlyi'n a broadside manner to the heavy N side layer. from which they are reflected back to the e'arths surface. v

In order to diminish the energy loss due to theradiations .entering the ground the antennae are suspended at wave length .from the ground, whereby the ground acts as areflectin surface, or a reflector in the .form ofa metal surface or wire system is used with the antennae as shown at 3 in Fig. 3., .When a wire system is used as a reflector, the wires are preferably tuned to the transmission wave to perfect the reflector action.

Havingthus described-my invention, what I claim is:

1. In directional transmission of radio signals the combination of a transmitting apparatus, a plurality of antennae arranged in a plane having an angle of inclination less than 40 degrees and greater than zero degrees with reference to the horizontal, said antennae being parallel to each other and over A wave length apart, and equally long energy leads for transferring energy from said transmitting apparatus to said antennae whereby said antennae are excited to oscillate in the same phase and whereby the propagation will be of a broadside nature and in a direction at right angles to the plane of said antennae.

2. The combination as claimed in claim 1, in which means are employed for reflecting those radiations which are directed toward the earth, in a manner so that they combine with and strengthen the radiations directed away from the ground.

3. The combination as claimed in claim 1, in which a metal shield is arrangedunder each antenna whereby the radiations which are directed toward the ground are reflected upwardly.

4. The method of directional signaling which consists in arranging a pluralit of antennae in a plane having an angle 0 inclination less than 40 degrees and greater than zero degrees with reference to the horizontal, energizing said antennae in a manner to cause them to oscillate at the same phase,

and reflecting the radiations which would normally be absorbedby the ground to combine with and strengthen the radiations directed away from the round.

5. The method of irectional signaling which consists in arranging a plurality of antennae in a plane having an angle of inclination less than 40 degrees and greater than zero degrees with reference to the horizontal and energizing said antennae in a manner to cause them to oscillate atthe same phase to. produce a'broadside radiation in a direction at right angles to the said plane of said antennae. I 6. In combination, a plurality of individual antennae arranged in a'plane, a source of ,high frequency energy, and a plurality of equal length leads between said source and said antennae, the plane of said antennae being inclined with reference to the horizontal so as, to form an anglebetween' l O degrees and 'zero degrees to form the desired angle with the ground for directional broadcasting. 7. In combination, a plurality of antennae arranged parallel to each other and inclined at a desired angle to the ground greater than zero degrees, a source of high frequency energy and a plurality of equal length leads from said source to said antennae whereby said antennae are energized in phase for directional broadcasting.

ALEXANDER ME ISSNER. 

